The course provides a broad introduction to the history of the European welfare state from the late 19th century until today. Informed by theoretical approaches such as Gosta Esping-Andersen's typology of welfare regimes, the course explores how different nations addressed issues like old age, poverty, unemployment, and health care, creating systems that fundamentally reshaped the relationship between citizens and the state. Comparative case studies concentrate on countries like Germany, Britain, Sweden, and Italy, focusing on their diverse approaches to social policy and on the historical contexts in which these policies emerged and developed. We will analyze the normative foundations underpinning welfare systems, including notions of social justice and solidarity, and critically evaluate the welfare state's impact on structures of inequality and trends in social expenditure. Readings include a blend of primary sources, historiographical literature, works from leading social and political scientists, and critiques of the welfare state from across the ideological spectrum. Students will reflect on the broader historical and political implications of welfare systems and consider how they continued to evolve under pressure from demographic change, fiscal constraints, and shifting political ideologies. By the end of the course, students will have a deeper understanding of the historical foundations and contemporary challenges facing the European welfare state.
3-5 units · Letter (ABCD/NP)
The course provides a broad introduction to the history of the European welfare state from the late 19th century until today. Informed by theoretical approaches such as Gosta Esping-Andersen's typology of welfare regimes, the course explores how different nations addressed issues like old age, poverty, unemployment, and health care, creating systems that fundamentally reshaped the relationship between citizens and the state. Comparative case studies concentrate on countries like Germany, Britain, Sweden, and Italy, focusing on their diverse approaches to social policy and on the historical contexts in which these policies emerged and developed. We will analyze the normative foundations underpinning welfare systems, including notions of social justice and solidarity, and critically evaluate the welfare state's impact on structures of inequality and trends in social expenditure. Readings include a blend of primary sources, historiographical literature, works from leading social and political scientists, and critiques of the welfare state from across the ideological spectrum. Students will reflect on the broader historical and political implications of welfare systems and consider how they continued to evolve under pressure from demographic change, fiscal constraints, and shifting political ideologies. By the end of the course, students will have a deeper understanding of the historical foundations and contemporary challenges facing the European welfare state.
Offered in Winter 2026 at Stanford University.